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| export-partners = 8.5% 8.3% 15% 19% 6.2% | imports = $10.826 billion (FOB; September 2014)〔 | import-goods = | import-partners = 12% 7.6% 8.6% 8.8% 8.4% (2012) | FDI = $12.715 billion (2013) | current account = –4.1622 billion (September 2014)〔 | gross external debt = $13.7 billion (September 2014)〔 | NIIP = | debt = 42.7% of GDP (2013 est.) | deficit = –5.6% of GDP (2013 est.) | revenue = $7.117 billion (2013 est.) | expenses = $8.917 billion (2013 est.) | aid = $490 million (recipient; 2014) | credit = n/a (TBD) | reserves = $4.6762 billion (4.5 months of imports; 2013)〔 | cianame = tz | spelling = Oxford or US spells 'z', US '-or'; 's', '-our' spelling by default | usebelowbox = yes or no; default value is "yes"; shows/hides bottom box | presentUS$asdefault = yes or no; default value is "yes"; shows/hides statement about US$ }} The United Republic of Tanzania is the second largest economy in the East African Community and the twelfth largest in Africa. The country is largely dependent on agriculture for employment, accounting for about half of the employed workforce.〔 An estimated 34 percent of Tanzanians currently live in poverty.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Economic Growth and Trade )〕 The economy has been transitioning from a command economy to a market economy since 1985. Although total GDP has increased since these reforms began, GDP per capita dropped sharply at first, and only exceeded the pre-transition figure in around 2007.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Tanzania: The Story of an African Transition )〕 Following the rebasing of the economy in 2014, the GDP increased by a third to $41.33 billion. ==History== Significant measures have been taken to liberalize the Tanzanian economy along market lines and encourage both foreign and domestic private investment. Beginning in 1986, the Government of Tanzania embarked on an adjustment program to dismantle the socialist (Ujamaa) economic controls and encourage more active participation of the private sector in the economy. The program included a comprehensive package of policies which reduced the budget deficit and improved monetary control, substantially depreciated the overvalued exchange rate, liberalized the trade regime, removed most price controls, eased restrictions on the marketing of food crops, freed interest rates, and initiated a restructuring of the financial sector. (Current GDP per capita ) of Tanzania grew more than 40 percent between 1998 and 2007. In May 2009, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved an Exogenous Shock Facility for Tanzania to help the country cope with the global economic crisis〔(IMF press release 2009 )〕 Tanzania is also engaged in a Policy Support Instrument (PSI) with the IMF, which commenced in February 2007 after Tanzania completed its second three-year Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF), the first having been completed in August 2003. The PRGF was the successor program to the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility, which Tanzania also participated in from 1996-1999. The IMF's PSI program provides policy support and signaling to participating low-income countries and is intended for countries that have usually achieved a reasonable growth performance, low underlying inflation, an adequate level of official international reserves, and have begun to establish external and net domestic debt sustainability. Tanzania also embarked on a major restructuring of state-owned enterprises. The program has so far divested 335 out of some 425 parastatal entities. Overall, real economic growth has averaged about 4 percent a year, much better than the previous 20 years, but not enough to improve the lives of average Tanzanians. Also, the economy remains overwhelmingly donor-dependent. Moreover, Tanzania has an external debt of $7.9 billion. The servicing of this debt absorbs about 40 percent of total government expenditures. Tanzania has qualified for debt relief under the enhanced Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Debts worth over $6 billion were canceled following implementation of the Paris Club 7 Agreement. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Economy of Tanzania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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